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| The right
to own property is central to man’s existence. Private ownership of
property (including land, businesses and goods) gives individuals
security and a means to control their own affairs. Ownership brings
responsibility and allows individuals to plan for the future so as to
provide for themselves and their families. For example, owning a house,
a business or some land makes it possible to borrow against that
property so that individuals can invest for the future. The lack of private property rights
in much of Africa makes such borrowing and investment impossible, and
is one reason for the continent's lack of economic growth. |
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The
wealth of the earth belongs to all men or to none. Under capitalism,
property is concentrated into the hands of relatively few well-off
people, leaving the many with nothing and at the mercy of the rich for
work, charity, etc. This leads to gross inequality, exploitation and
misery. Nor is it economically efficient, as the rich have so much
already they have no incentive to use their land productively.
Socialism seeks to redistribute wealth and to ensure that the means of production are at the service of the whole of society, so that all can benefit and none will go without. |
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| The drive
to succeed as an individual is the strongest motivating factor a human
being can feel in their work. When work is uncoupled from reward, or
when an artificial safety net provides a high standard of living for
those who don’t work hard, society suffers. The fact that individuals
are driven to succeed is in all our interests. |
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Many
could be motivated to work by a wish to aid their fellow man. Over
time, as the benefits of this better way of life become obvious, all
will. The impulse to share wealth and material amongst the community,
to support all, leaving none behind, is one of the purest mankind can
experience. It is not merely possible – it is a demonstration of the
progress of our species to a finer, more humane state of being. |
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In
capitalism, the market determines price, including pay - the price of
labour. If some people are paid huge sums, that is because other people
believe they have unique talents which are worth paying for. If they
fail to perform, then they will stop being rewarded so highly. This is
all part of a dynamic capitalist system which values individuality and
rewards ability and risk-taking.
In any case capitalism isn't a monolithic system - capitalism can have
elements of control in it. After all, taxation is a capitalist creation
and almost all capitalists accept a role for state regulation to
prevent market rigging and to help those in absolute poverty. |
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Capitalism
rewards people in perverse ways. Some footballers or company chief
executives earn a thousand times more than nurses. Wealth is
concentrated in the hands of the few. The rich get richer, the poor get poorer.
The poor are fooled into thinking that they can gain in capitalism,
when really all their wages do is hold them in place – their savings are
swept away in the first moments of unemployment, a concept central to
capitalism but one that socialism destroys. |
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The
guiding hand of government is too strong in a socialist system; it means
that change is slow – which means that innovation is missed. This
isn’t just pro-business, it has real effects on the lives of citizens -
people are poorer because of it. In a capitalist system, economies are
diverse enough that when problems happen in one sector, others are often
insulated by their differences. In a socialist system, where
everything is centrally controlled and diversity is non-existent, when
government gets things wrong, everyone suffers. Ultimately, socialist
systems are so inefficient and corrupt that labour has to be forced for
the state to continue functioning (though this may also be a logical
outcome of thinking less of the importance of individual freedoms
compared to some abstract communal good).
The failure of the USSR and other command economies shows the poverty of socialism and the failure of central planning, as on a smaller scale does the failure of nationalised industries in many western countries. |
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Economies
in capitalist systems are essentially unplanned, so they often crash,
producing depressions that damage the lives of millions. Socialist economies
are planned, which means that problems can be foreseen and prevented.
Ultimately, socialism guides with the aim of human happiness in mind,
rather than the glorification or gratification of a particular
individual or class. To gain this for all rather than just for some
requires an element of social control – the excesses of capitalism will
forever mean that too many fall by the wayside as the strong profit, and
the weak are left behind.
Critics who point to the failure of the soviet bloc don't understand
that this was not true socialism, which has never been properly tried,
but a corrupt version of central planning which served selfish elites
rather than the good of the people as a whole. Examples such as
Britain's National Health Service, or the European social model of welfare provision show the strengths of a socialist approach. |
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| In
capitalist systems, society is ruled by the individual. Who would want
to live any other way? In socialist systems, society is ruled by the
state. Why would one want to live like that? |
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In
socialist systems, society is ruled by the people. Who would want to
live any other way? In capitalist systems, society is ruled by money.
Why would one want to live like that? |
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| Competition
yields better products and more efficient processes in all fields of
man's activity. Whilst it is true that monopolies sometimes form, these
are combated by regulatory methods like monopolies commissions (witness
attempts to break up Microsoft, or regulators forbidding the merger of
some airlines on competition grounds). So capitalism actively tries to
stop monopolies. On the other hand, monopolies are inevitably a part of
every aspect of activity in socialist systems - the monopoly of the
state. |
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It is
false to say that capitalism secures competition automatically. As
everyone knows, monopolies are often formed under capitalist systems.
Capitalist monopolies are pernicious - they mean that individuals profit
obscenely as they can charge exorbitant costs, since citizens cannot
obtain services anywhere else. On the other hand, socialist monopolies
are benign since the state has the interests of citizens at heart,
rather than the enrichment of a particular person. |
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| Socialism
cannot protect human rights because it seeks the good of "the people"
in the abstract. This means that socialist governments feel justified
in overriding individual rights, sometimes resulting in great injustices
and even atrocities. Examples of this range from the compulsory
purchase or confiscation of land or businesses by the government, the
forced relocation of people, controlling labour so that the individual
cannot choose their own employment, through collectivised agriculture
and fertility policies (either putting pressure on women to have many
children or a "one-child" policy, as in China), to the misuse of the
justice system to persecute political opponents who might "threaten the
socialist project". |
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Capitalism
may use the language of human rights, but it only really respects the
right of the weak to starve in the gutter, and the right of the strong
to keep them there. Socialism understands rights more widely and fully,
and provides for the right to work, the right to an education, and to health care free at the point of use. It cannot be right for a few individuals to block the progress of all towards these great goals. |
